(1) HELIX /coalZERO®
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is at the heart of the HELIX ZEROemissions process that is suitable for all grades of coal, from Anthracite to Bituminous to Lignite.
Instead of being combusted, the pulverized coal fuel is heated by steam in the absence of oxygen in an Entrained Flow Gasifier (EFG). Forty percent (40%) of the "coal syngas" is directed to gas turbine generators (GTG) whose exhaust energy is harnessed in Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG). The HELIX process then divides the steam from its high-pressure header to serve the process needs where approximately 20%, each, of the total syngas and steam, has been sent to (i) AZOTE® dry nitrogen fertilizer, (ii) TURBONOL® methanol liquid fuel, C2H3OH, plus (iii) ZSD® Zero Sulfur Diesel liquid fuel, C16H34 , fractionalization in independent Fischer-Tropsch Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) on-site refineries.
The remaining steam (nominally 40% of HRSG output) is throttled through a condensing Steam Turbine Generator (STG) to complete the IGCC power station (that Combines the air-standard Brayton Cycle + the water-vapor Rankine Cycle).
Air-Cooled Condensers (ACC) eliminate any water consumption (as normally required by traditional wet Cooling Towers). All char from the EFGs is usable as civil engineering substrate, and the trio of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) for NOx abatement, Oxidation Catalyst (OxCat) for CO elimination, and Photosynthetic Regeneration (PR) for CO2 conversion into high-protein algal biomass, collectively yield only pure Oxygen, O2, as residual, which can be bottled and/or released to the atmosphere where it naturally regenerates Ozone (O3) upon exposure to sunlight.
The thermally-optimized, Six Product HELIX system (Electricity + AZOTE® + TURBONOL® + ZSD® + Spirulina Algae Protein + Oxygen/Ozone) with ZEROemissions is over 60% net efficient, more than twice the industry-standard "burn and boil" coal plant in the mid-20%.
The coalZERO® performance revitalizes the merits of this globally-abundant fuel that is still the 'Black Gold' of progressive industrialization.
(2) SYLVAN XYLEM
Robust Downdraft Gasifiers are used to elegantly and efficiently transform wood and other lignin-rich biomass (often high-performance carbon-sequestering 'Energy Crops' like bamboo, kelp, hemp, eucalyptus, Sequoia, etc.) into WoodGas.
The gaseous fuel is scrubbed for tars and moisture before diversion to high-efficiency Combined Heat, Power and Cooling (CHPC) systems that start with spark-ignited reciprocating engine generators.
Residual ecoCHAR® is a high-value soil conditioner, and all engine emissions are converted to algal biomass via P.R. scrubbing for
true ZEROpollution.
(3) L.I.G.H.T. = Loop Isolated Geothermal Heat Transfer
The LIGHT™ system converts the earth core's thermal energy into continuous pureELECTRICITY with no pollution or fuel consumption of any kind.
A high-temperature Tomalloy® caisson is set in a LIDAR-precise 3D-mapped vertical bore and fully sealed at the surface, unlike typical vented geothermal wells. Thermal Oil (e.g. Thermanol®) downcomers and risers are fixed to the inside of the caisson to facilitate heat transfer from the earth's 1100F magma, and the heat from the oil is transferred to water to form steam in heat exchangers at ground level. A condensing Steam Turbine Generator (STG) operates with an Air Cooled Condenser (ACC) for a totally dry system.
The Architecturally aesthetic and sound-attenuated power house is clean, quiet, efficient and reliable.
(4) STEWARDsmith®
The STEWARDsmith® process represents the world's most elegant and complete system for transformation of livestock manures and food processing wastes.
The Four (4) distinct facets of the STEWARDsmith process provide 100% utilization of typically problematic agricultural wastes:
SOILsmith® + ENERGYsmith® + WATERsmith® + AIRsmith®
The comprehensive system uses a precise sequential array of HydroCyclone Separators, macerators, Anaerobic Digestion (Thermophillic, Complete Mix), ecoGAS® conditioners, lean-burn, turbocharged Internal Combustion Engines (ICE), P.R. Scrubbers, and ElectroCoagulation chambers to yield:
(i) ecoFIBER® peat moss replacement,
(ii) continuous Combined Heat, Power and Cooling (ecoCHPC®),
(iii) eKoPaNoply® dry fertilizer, and
(iv) Spyrogyra algae concentrated proteins.
(5) BUSHNELL SCIENTIFIC
The backbone of PolyGeneration (making multiple products from a single fuel) is Combined Heat, Power and Cooling (CHPC).
Bushnellian thermodynamics use uber-efficiency to generate Electricity + Heating + Cooling + Algal Biomass + Ozone from any form of gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon fuel, with ZEROpollution of ANY KIND.
Net Efficiency of 80-90% is common in a wide variety of custom, "right-sized" industrial and commercial "CoGeneration" and "TriGeneration" applications that are readily augmented to multiple product "PolyGeneration" systems strategically-engineered by Bushnell Scientific.
• SPECIAL APPLICATION • The KHALIX® Process
“Thermo-Catalytic Solvay Calcination and Carbonization of Continental Lithium Brine Residuals by means of Ultra-High-Efficiency, Zero-Pollution Combined Heat, Power and Cooling (CHPC)”
The KHALIX® Process represents a novel natural scientific method for the ultra-efficient refining of Lithium.
By the way of the strategic introduction of thermal energy and carbon dioxide from integrated Combined Heat, Power & Cooling (CHPC) operations into a Solvay Calcination & Carbonization system, previously problematic residual halogen salts are efficiently converted into value-added carbonate sodas.
Most notably, 'The KHALIX® Process' unique ingenuity establishes a true zeroEMISSIONS system with zero wastes of any kind. Accordingly, The KHALIX® Process offers new and significant economic, ecological, and social benefits on a global scale.
< Natural Scientific Irony: The Synthesis of Good from Apparently bad >
The primal claim of The KHALIX® Process is the conversion of presumed wastes from the refining of lithium brines and mineral into value-added commodities.
The sublime irony of KHALIX® is epitomized by the fact that the two (2) core drivers of this restoration are, presumed villains: Heat & Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ).
Herein lies the patent uniqueness of the invention: a 'negative' times a 'negative' REALLY is a 'POSITIVE' … twelve (12) of them, to be precise,
“The KHALIX® Dozen”:
I.) 6 CALCES
1. LITHIUM CARBONATE (Li2CO3)
2. MAGNESIUM SULFATE (EPSOM SALTS, MgSO4)
3. CALCIUM CARBONATE (LIMESTONE, CaCO3)
4. SODIUM BICARBONATE (BAKING SODA, NaHCO3)
5. AMMONIUM BICARBONATE (BAKING POWDER, NH4HCO3)
6. POTASSIUM CARBONATE (POTASH, K2CO3)
II.) 6 SERENDIPITOUS PRODUCTS
7. SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (HYDRAZINE SOLID FUEL, H2N.NH2)
8. PLANT FOODS (MICROGREENS)
9. FISH VIA AQUAZOE® (ZANDER, TILAPIA)
10. ALGAL BIOMASS VIA P.R. (SPIRULINA SPYROGYRA)
11. ELECTRICAL ENERGY (AC AND STORED DC)
12. THERMAL ENERGY (HOT AND/OR CHILLED WATER AND/OR STEAM)
(6) ATLAS
Scrap Tires, the bane of the waste industry, are rendered a valuable “Black Diamond” resource by the ATLAS process. Scrap vulcanized rubber tires are completely reclaimed via a streamlined sequence of (1) micro-emulsion with high-pressure water jet yielding pure carbon black, (2) anaerobic pyrolysis of residual tire-derived-fuel (TDF), and (3) scrubbing of syngas en-route to turbomachinery for a high-efficiency CHPC operation whose emissions are cancelled completely by P.R. Scrubbers. Any residual char from the gasifier is collected and used in the manufacture of ecoNYX® construction tiles.
(7) KEMIYA
The name of the 'changingMATTER'™ process is the word from which English derived 'Chemistry'. KEMIYA boldly and simultaneously transforms BOTH Garbage (Municipal Solid Waste, MSW) AND Sewerage/Septage into:
(A) pure ELECTRICITY,
(B) pure WATER, and
(C) cement/asphaltic admixture.
The MSW is converted to heat in a Fluidized Bed Boiler (FBB), and the sewage goes through mechanical filtration, anaerobic digestion, sequential flash distillation (AMBIX-1), superheating (in a Once-Through Steam Generator, OTSG), steam turbine throttling, condensing, sequential flash distillation (AMBIX-2), and cooling before achieving Potable Water quality.
Filtered sewage joins the MSW fuel, and magnetic drums separate ferrous metal from bottom and fly ashes. Flue Gas is filtered in Electro-Static Precipitators (ESP) for particulate matter (PM-10), refined for Nox and CO via SCR and OxCat, respectively, and transformed to CO2 sequestering algae in P.R. Scrubbers. Air Cooled Condensing prohibits any water losses.
KEMIYA “Rule-of-Thumb” Sizing Metrics:
20 TPD of MSW to transform 60,000 GPD wastewater and Generate 1 MWnet electricity
Credo KEMIYA: changingMATTER™
1/ elimination of landfills, waste-derived odors & groundwater leaching
2/ purification of sewage & septage, solid & liquid wastes
3/ sterilization & totalCONVERSION™ of garbage (Municipal Solid Waste, MSW)
4/ prevention of eutrophication (oxygen depletion) of natural waters
5/ zeroPOLLUTION: neither Air nor Water
6/ sustainableENERGY™: Electrical + Thermal (Heating & Cooling)
Download the KHALIX® World Wide Patent Treaty Below: